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Experimental evaluation of a 35 kVA downdraft gasifier

Ashok Jayawant Rao KECHE, Gaddale AMBA PRASAD RAO

Frontiers in Energy 2013, Volume 7, Issue 3, Pages 300-306 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0247-9

Abstract: Energy conversion systems based on biomass are particularly interesting because biomass utilization effectivelyThe quality of gas was evaluated in terms of its composition, conversion efficiency and total particulateThe conversion efficiency of the biomass gasifier is found to be dependent on the operation conditionsand fuel properties of the gasifier.efficiency of the present gasifier configuration.

Keywords： biomass gasification producer gas equivalence ratio total particulate matter conversion efficiency ofgasifier

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A thermoelectric generator and water-cooling assisted high conversion efficiency polycrystalline silicon

Zekun LIU, Shuang YUAN, Yi YUAN, Guojian LI, Qiang WANG

Frontiers in Energy 2021, Volume 15, Issue 2, Pages 358-366 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0712-1

Abstract: However, the thermal radiation brought by sunlight will attenuate the efficiency of solar cells.To reduce the temperature of the photovoltaic (PV) cell and improve the utilization efficiency of solarThe changes in the efficiency and power density of the hybrid system were obtained by real time monitoringW/m , the steady-state temperature of the PV cell decreases from 86.8°C to 54.1°C, and the overall efficiencyW/m , the steady-state temperature of the PV cell decreases from 38.5°C to 31.5°C, and the overall efficiency

Keywords： photovoltaic (PV) thermoelectric generator conversion efficiency hybrid energy systems water-cooled plate

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Efficiency characteristics of piezostack pump for linear actuators

Junwu KAN, Kehong TANG, Chenghui SHAO, Guoren ZHU, Taijiang PENG,

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2009, Volume 4, Issue 4, Pages 407-414 doi: 10.1007/s11465-009-0049-2

Abstract: A piezostack pump for linear actuators is presented and studied in terms of mechanical energy efficiency(MEE), energy conversion efficiency (ECE) and design method.

Keywords： piezostack actuator piezostack pump mechanical efficiency energy conversion efficiency (ECE)

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Study for entrained-flow gasifier modeling and measurement

Zhe WANG, Zheng LI, Fen HE

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2010, Volume 4, Issue 4, Pages 400-403 doi: 10.1007/s11705-010-0510-0

Abstract: The syngas composition change during the measurement process was analyzed using a detailed gas phase reaction mechanism. Results showed that the measurement error induced by the temperature and pressure change in the measurement process cannot be ignored. Based on the results, suggestions were proposed for syngas concentration measurement and temperature measurement.

Keywords： entrained-flow gasifier syngas composition

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Syngas composition study

Zhe WANG , Jinning YANG , Zheng LI , Yong XIANG ,

Frontiers in Energy 2009, Volume 3, Issue 3, Pages 369-372 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0044-7

Abstract: The syngas composition characteristic was investigated in the real slurry-feed gasifier using a detailed

Keywords： entrained-flow gasifier syngas

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Photothermal materials for efficient solar powered steam generation

Fenghua Liu, Yijian Lai, Binyuan Zhao, Robert Bradley, Weiping Wu

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2019, Volume 13, Issue 4, Pages 636-653 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1824-1

Abstract: materials are able to harvest energy from the full solar spectrum and convert it to heat with high efficiency

Keywords： solar stream generation plasmonics porous carbon photothermal materials solar energy conversion efficiency

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Hydrogel photocatalysts for efficient energy conversion and environmental treatment

Frontiers in Energy 2021, Volume 15, Issue 3, Pages 577-595 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0756-x

Abstract: Moreover, current applications of hydrogel photocatalysts in energy conversion and environmental remediation

Keywords： hydrogel photocatalysts energy conversion environmental treatment

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Biological conversion pathways of sulfate reduction ammonium oxidation in anammox consortia

Zhen Bi, Deqing Wanyan, Xiang Li, Yong Huang

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2020, Volume 14, Issue 3, doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1217-1

Abstract: AOB and AnAOB are mainly responsible for ammonium conversion.Heterotrophic sulfate reduction mainly contributed to sulfate conversion.Results obtained differed largely for the conversion mole ratios (ammonium/sulfate), and even the intermediateThus, the hypothesis of biological conversion pathways of ammonium and sulfate in anammox consortia isdifferent biomass proportions to verify the SRAO phenomena and identify possible pathways behind substrate conversion

Keywords： Anammox bacteria Autotrophic Biological conversion Sulfate reducing ammonium oxidation (SRAO)

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Sustainable conversion regenerated cellulose into cellulose oleate by sonochemistry

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2023, Volume 17, Issue 8, Pages 1096-1108 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2317-9

Abstract: Derivatization has great potential for the high-value utilization of cellulose by enhancing its processability and functionality. However, due to the low reactivity of natural cellulose, it remains challenging to rapidly prepare cellulose derivatives with high degrees of substitution. The “cavitation effect” of ultrasound can reduce the particle size and crystalline index of cellulose, which provides a possible method for preparing cellulose derivatives. Herein, a feasible method was proposed for efficiently converting regenerated cellulose to cellulose oleate with the assistance of ultrasonic treatment. By adjusting the reaction conditions including ultrasonic intensity, feeding ratios of oleic acid, reaction time, and reaction solvent, a series of cellulose oleates with degrees of substitution ranging from 0.37 to 1.71 were synthesized. Additionally, the effects of different reaction conditions on the chemical structures, crystalline structures, and thermal behaviors were investigated thoroughly. Cellulose oleates with degrees of substitution exceeding 1.23 exhibited amorphous structures and thermoplasticity with glass transition temperatures at 159.8 to 172.6 °C. This study presented a sustainable and practicable method for effectively derivatizing cellulose.

Keywords： regenerated cellulose cellulose oleate sonochemistry degree of substitution thermoplasticity

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Dynamic contribution of variable-speed wind energy conversion system in system frequency regulation

Yajvender Pal VERMA, Ashwani KUMAR

Frontiers in Energy 2012, Volume 6, Issue 2, Pages 184-192 doi: 10.1007/s11708-012-0185-y

Abstract: Frequency regulation in a generation mix having large wind power penetration is a critical issue, as wind units isolate from the grid during disturbances with advanced power electronics controllers and reduce equivalent system inertia. Thus, it is important that wind turbines also contribute to system frequency control. This paper examines the dynamic contribution of doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)-based wind turbine in system frequency regulation. The modified inertial support scheme is proposed which helps the DFIG to provide the short term transient active power support to the grid during transients and arrests the fall in frequency. The frequency deviation is considered by the controller to provide the inertial control. An additional reference power output is used which helps the DFIG to release kinetic energy stored in rotating masses of the turbine. The optimal speed control parameters have been used for the DFIG to increases its participation in frequency control. The simulations carried out in a two-area interconnected power system demonstrate the contribution of the DFIG in load frequency control.

Keywords： doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) load frequency control inertial control wind energy conversion

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Micro/nanofluidics-enabled energy conversion and its implemented devices

Yang YANG, Jing LIU

Frontiers in Energy 2011, Volume 5, Issue 3, Pages 270-287 doi: 10.1007/s11708-010-0126-6

Abstract: The fluids in nature serve as the most common carriers and media in the energy conversion process.Following the rapid development of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology, the energy supply and conversionIn this paper, a series of micro/nanofluid-enabled energy conversion devices is reviewed based on theto the establishment of a comprehensive and systematic structure in the relationship between energy conversion

Keywords： micro/nanofluid different energy forms energy conversion medium role

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Conversion of polyethylene to gasoline: Influence of porosity and acidity of zeolites

Frontiers in Energy Pages 763-774 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0897-1

Abstract: Zeolites are cheap and stable, but they are usually not efficient for plastic conversion at a low temperaturewere used to study the influence of porosity and acidity of zeolite on catalytic activity for plastics conversionThis study provides very useful information for designing zeolites for efficient conversion of plastics

Keywords： plastics conversion polyethylene zeolites acidity porosity

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Gold modified cobalt-based Fischer-Tropsch catalysts for conversion of synthesis gas to liquid fuels

Alan J. McCue, Jura Aponaviciute, Richard P.K. Wells, James A. Anderson

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2013, Volume 7, Issue 3, Pages 262-269 doi: 10.1007/s11705-013-1334-5

Abstract: The addition of Au as a promoter/modifier for alumina supported Co catalyst has been studied by combined high temperature, high pressure Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and on-line gas chromatography. The combination of these tools permitted the state of the active catalyst surface to be monitored while following the elution of reaction products during the first 5–7 h on stream of the catalyst. The catalysts under study were a 10%Co/Al O and a 2.5%Au/10%Co/Al O Samples were characterised before use using Raman and temperature programmed reduction (TPR). During the initial stages of reaction, hydrocarbons were built up on the surface of the catalyst as monitored by FTIR and the nature and amount of these species were assessed in terms of CH /CH ratio and the density of these alkyl fragments by employing absorption coefficients for the individual components. The nature and reducibility of the Co particles were modified by the presence of Au while the later also shifted the CO/H balance by acting as an effective water-gas shift catalyst during the early stages of reaction. This characteristic was lost during reaction as a consequence of redistribution of the two metallic phases.

Keywords： gold modified catalyst conversion of synthesis gas

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A review on front end conversion in ocean wave energy converters

Nagulan SANTHOSH,Venkatesan BASKARAN,Arunachalam AMARKARTHIK

Frontiers in Energy 2015, Volume 9, Issue 3, Pages 297-310 doi: 10.1007/s11708-015-0370-x

Abstract: of the wave energy converter among other stages such as power take off (PTO) and electrical energy conversionIf the recent development of these front end energy conversion is well known then developing wave energyThe aim of this review is to provide information on front end energy conversion of a point absorber and

Keywords： wave energy converter point absorbers power take off (PTO) front end energy conversion

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Co anchored on porphyrinic triazine-based frameworks with excellent biocompatibility for conversion of

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2022, Volume 16, Issue 12, Pages 1761-1771 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2195-6

Abstract: Microbial electrosynthesis is a promising alternative to directly convert CO₂ into long-chain compounds by coupling inorganic electrocatalysis with biosynthetic systems. However, problems arose that the conventional electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution may produce extensive by-products of reactive oxygen species and cause severe metal leaching, both of which induce strong toxicity toward microorganisms. Moreover, poor stability of electrocatalysts cannot be qualified for long-term operation. These problems may result in poor biocompatibility between electrocatalysts and microorganisms. To solve the bottleneck problem, Co anchored on porphyrinic triazine-based frameworks was synthesized as the electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution and further coupled with Cupriavidus necator H16. It showed high selectivity for a four-electron pathway of oxygen reduction reaction and low production of reactive oxygen species, owing to the synergistic effect of Co–N_x modulating the charge distribution and adsorption energy of intermediates. Additionally, low metal leaching and excellent stability were observed, which may be attributed to low content of Co and the stabilizing effect of metalloporphyrins. Hence, the electrocatalyst exhibited excellent biocompatibility. Finally, the microbial electrosynthesis system equipped with the electrocatalyst successfully converted CO₂ to poly-β-hydroxybutyrate. This work drew up a novel strategy for enhancing the biocompatibility of electrocatalysts in microbial electrosynthesis system.

Keywords： electrosynthesis hydrogen evolution reaction metalloporphyrins biocompatibility CO₂ conversion